Maize, also known as corn, is a widely cultivated cereal crop grown in a variety of climates, but it thrives best in warm, temperate to tropical regions with temperatures between 20–30°C. It requires well-drained, fertile soils that are rich in organic matter, with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0 for optimal growth. Maize needs moderate rainfall, typically around 500–700 mm during its growing season, and performs well in areas with good sunlight exposure, as adequate sunshine is crucial for high yields. The crop is sensitive to waterlogging and prefers soils that do not remain waterlogged for extended periods. Maize is adaptable to different farming systems and is an important crop for food, feed, and industrial uses around the world