Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), commonly known as peanut, is an important oilseed and legume crop valued for its edible oil, protein-rich kernels, and fodder. It grows best in warm climates with optimum temperatures ranging from 25–35°C and requires bright sunshine throughout its growth period. Groundnut thrives in well-drained, loose sandy loam to loamy soils that allow easy penetration of pegs and proper pod development, with an ideal pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The crop needs moderate rainfall of about 50–75 cm and is sensitive to waterlogging and frost. Proper land preparation, timely sowing, adequate moisture during flowering and pod formation, and balanced nutrient management are essential for achieving good yield and quality in groundnut cultivation.